Basic Linux Intro
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Unix/Linux Basic Commands
Use man to see the options for each command (especially grep)
Get more details on a given command | man command |
Change Directories | |
Move to a different Directory | cd pathToGoTo |
Move up a directory | cd .. |
Move up 2 directories | cd ../.. |
See what directory you are in | pwd |
Look in Directories | |
See what files are in the current directory | ls |
See what files are in a different directory | ls pathToDir |
See hidden files (start with .) | ls -a |
See detailed file listing | ls -l |
Copy/Move/Link Files | |
Copy a file | cp origFile newFileName |
Copy a file to current directory with original name | cp origFile . |
Move a file | mv origFile newFileName |
Link to a file (rather than copy - uses less space/quicker it is not a new file, just a reference to the original. If you change the linked file, you change the original) | ln -s origFile newFile |
Remove Files/Dirs & Create Dirs | |
Remove/Delete a file | rm fileName |
Create a new directory | mkdir dirName |
Create a directory & subdirectories | mkdir -p dirName/subDir/subDir2 |
Remove a directory | rmdir dirName |
Search | |
Search for a file in dir/subdirs (use * for wildcard matching) | find . --name "fileName" |
Search for text in files (can use * for all files) | grep textToFind filesToSearch |
Look at Files | |
Look at file | less fileName -or- more fileName |
Look at just beginning of the file | head fileName |
Look at end of file | tail fileName |
Compare files | diff file1 file2 |
Permissions | |
Change directory/file permissions | chmod newPermissions fileName |
Processes | |
See what you have running | ps -ef | grep yourUserName |
Kill/end a job you don't want running | kill -9 process#FromPs |
Notes on directories:
- . Refers to current directory
- .. Refers to one directory up
- ../.. refers to 2 directories up
- ../../.. refers to 3 directories up
- (etc)
The '*' star character is used to match any characters (0 or more). You can use it anytime you need to specify a filename(s) and it will use all the files in the current directory/path. It can also be used to wildcard match a partial file name: filePrefix* will match filePrefix1.txt and filePrefix2.txt
You can use alias
to setup an alias for a command. See man to see how it is used.
Additional Resources
For more information, see:
CSG Documentation [AWK, BASH, UNIX commands and etc.]