Changes

<math> \mathbf{y}=\mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta_c}+\beta_i(\mathbf{G_i}-\bar{\mathbf{G_i}})+\mathbf{g}+\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} </math>.

<math> \mathbf{y}=\mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta_c}+\beta_i(\mathbf{G_i}-\bar{\mathbf{G_i}})+\mathbf{g}+\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} </math>.

Here,  the quantitive trait for an individual is decided by covariate effects, additive genetic effect from the <math> i^{th} </math> variant and the polygenic background effects together with non-shared environmental effect.

Here,  the quantitive trait for an individual is a sum of covariate effects, additive genetic effect from the <math> i^{th} </math> variant and the polygenic background effects together with non-shared environmental effect.

In this model, <math>\beta_i</math> is to measure the additive genetic effect of the <math>i^{th}</math> variant. As usual, the score statistic for testing <math>H_0:\beta_i=0</math> is:

In this model, <math>\beta_i</math> is to measure the additive genetic effect of the <math>i^{th}</math> variant. As usual, the score statistic for testing <math>H_0:\beta_i=0</math> is: