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, 22:02, 28 March 2010
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| == Approach == | | == Approach == |
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− | One of the most common questions we receive is about the approach used by METAL to carry out a meta-analysis using p-values as input. The process is actually quite simple! First, for each marker, an arbitrary reference allele is selected and a z-statistic characterizing the evidence for association is calculated. The z-statistic summarizes the magnitude and the direction of effect relative to the reference allele. Next, an overall z-statistic and p-value are then calculated from a weighted sum of the individual statistics. Weights are proportional to the square-root of the number of individuals examined in each sample and selected such that the squared weights sum to 1.0. For samples that contain related individuals, a smaller ‘effective’ sample size may be used, but simulations suggest that modest changes in the effective sample size have very little impact on the final p-value. | + | One of the most common questions we receive is about the approach used by METAL to carry out a meta-analysis using p-values as input. The process is actually quite simple! First, for each marker, a reference allele is selected and a z-statistic characterizing the evidence for association is calculated. The z-statistic summarizes the magnitude and the direction of effect relative to the reference allele and all studies are aligned to the same reference allele. Next, an overall z-statistic and p-value are then calculated from a weighted sum of the individual statistics. Weights are proportional to the square-root of the number of individuals examined in each sample and selected such that the squared weights sum to 1.0. For samples that contain related individuals, a smaller ‘effective’ sample size may be used, but simulations suggest that modest changes in the effective sample size have very little impact on the final p-value. |
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| == Basic Usage Instructions == | | == Basic Usage Instructions == |