Changes

we use a variance component model to handle familial relationships.In a sample of n individuals, we model the observed phenotype vector ('''y''') as a sum of covariate effects (specified by a design matrix '''X''' and a vector of covariate effects '''β'''), additive genetic effects (modeled in vector '''g''') and non-shared environmental effects (modeled in vector '''ε'''). Thus:

we use a variance component model to handle familial relationships.In a sample of n individuals, we model the observed phenotype vector ('''y''') as a sum of covariate effects (specified by a design matrix '''X''' and a vector of covariate effects '''β'''), additive genetic effects (modeled in vector '''g''') and non-shared environmental effects (modeled in vector '''ε'''). Thus:

<math>\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{X}\mathbf{\beta} +\mathbf{g}+ \mathbf{e}</math>

<math>\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{X}\beta +\mathbf{g}+ \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}</math>

== Single Variant Score Tests ==

== Single Variant Score Tests ==