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** direction.meta.single.var.out: Direction of meta-analysis statistics for single variant test. It may be useful for inspecting if any of the variant in the gene have opposite effects etc.   
 
** direction.meta.single.var.out: Direction of meta-analysis statistics for single variant test. It may be useful for inspecting if any of the variant in the gene have opposite effects etc.   
 
** pos.ref.alt.out: Position, reference and alternative alleles for each variant position in the gene
 
** pos.ref.alt.out: Position, reference and alternative alleles for each variant position in the gene
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== Performing conditional analysis for single variant tests ==
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* We provide functions for performing single variant conditional meta-analysis. For variants within the sliding window, the conditional analysis is exact, in the sense that they are equal to conditional analysis results obtained using individual level data.
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* The following function can be used:
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conditional.rareMETALS.single.basic(candidate.variant,score.stat.file,cov.file,known.variant.vec,maf.cutoff,no.boot=0,alternative=c('two.\
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sided','greater','less'),alpha=0.05,ix.gold=1,out.digits=4,callrate.cutoff=0,hwe.cutoff=0,gene.file="refFlat_hg19.txt.gz",p.value.known.v\
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ariant.vec="N/A",anno.known.variant.vec="N/A",anno.candidate.variant="N/A")
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}
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* Input parameters are described below:
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** candidate variant: the chromosomal position for the candidate variant to be tested, e.g. "1:12345";
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** score.stat.file is the vector of file names for single variant score statistics.
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** cov.file is the vector of files of covariance matrices for single variant score statistics
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** known.variant.vec is the vector of chromosomal positions for known variants. Examples include c("1:12345","1:1234567");
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** alternative specifies alternative hypothesis to be tested. The default is two.sided.
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** ix.gold is the index to be used for choosing a "gold standard" population, in case flips of alleles are observed, and the gold standard population can be used to correct for the flips
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** callrate.cutoff specifies the call rate cutoffs that will be used. All sites with call rates lower than the cutoff will be labelled as missing.
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** hwe.cutoff specifies the cutoffs for call rate, All sites with call rate lower than the cutoff will be labeled as missing.   
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** anno.known.variant.vec: Annotation information for known variant. It is optional. If the annotation is not present, please use "NA". Note that the quotation mark is a must.
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** anno.candidate.variant: Annotation information for candidate variant. It is optional and can be ignored
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* Output is a dataframe that consist of the following fields:
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** pos.single.out: Chromosomal position for candidate variants
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** ref.single.out: Referrence allele
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** alt.single.out: Alternative allele
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** p.value.single.out: P values
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** maf.single.out: Minor allele frequencies
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** beta1.est.single.out: Estimates of alternative allele effects
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** beta1.sd.single.out: Standard deviation for beta estimates
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** direction.single.out: Direction of effects
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** anno.single.out: Annotation information for candidate variants
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** pos.ref.alt.known.single.out: Position/ref/alt alleles for known variants
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** p.value.known.single.out: p-values for known variants
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** anno.known.single.out: annotation for known variants
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